鳿¥œã«ã¯ããã¯ããããã¹ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªãžã£ã³ã«ããããŸãã
ããã§ä»åã¯ããžã£ãºã®çš®é¡ã«ã€ããŠã玹ä»ããŸãã
ããŒã«ã«ç¡æäœéšã¬ãã¹ã³ã®æ¡å
â·ãããæããæãŠãã®ã³ãç¥ããã
â åŒåžæ³
â äžçŽç·š
â ãã®ä»
ç®æ¬¡
ã³ã³ãã³ãã©ãªãŒãžã£ãº
ã¹ã ãŒãºãžã£ãºãã©ã€ããžã£ãºãªã©ã®ã³ã³ãã³ãã©ãªãŒãžã£ãºãšåŒã°ãããžã£ãºã¯ã©ãžãªçªçµã®é³æ¥œãžã£ã³ã«ã®ã²ãšã€ãããã¥ãŒãžã§ã³ãçºå±ãããŠãæå¿«ãªãªãºã ãšå¹³æãªã¡ããã£ãŒã®é³æ¥œã§æ§æ¥ã®ã€ãŒãžãŒãªã¹ãã³ã°äžå¿ã®ã©ãžãªæ²ãä»é¢šã«å€ããŸããã
ãããã«ãããšãããæ°æè²ããªã鳿¥œã§ã倧æµã®å Žåã¯ã³ã£ãããããã®ããªããããããã®æŒå¥å®¶ãèŽãåããã®ã¯é£ããã§ããããããããã®æéã§æŒå¥ãããé²é³ã®å€ãã¯ãªãŒãã€ãªããã¢ã®éæãªèŽèŠãæºè¶³ãããŠããŸãã
ããªãŒãžã£ãº
ãžã£ãºãçºå±ãããšããã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ãåãã£ãŠããŠããæŒå¥äžã®ãšã決ãã¯æå°éã®ãã®ã«ãªããŸãããããªãŒãžã£ãºãã¯ãããŠèŽãããã®ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã³ããã¿ã³ã®ããŠã¢ãŒã€ãŒã¹ããµã€ãã§ã1960幎代ã®åé ã«ç§»ãäœãã ãã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ãã¡ã®æ°ããçºã§ããã
ããªãŒãžã£ãºã¯å®ã«å€æ§ãªé³æ¥œã§ããã倧声ãããã䞻匵ããæ°ãã黿°å¢å¹ ãããããã¯é³æ¥œã«ç«ã¡åãããã®ããããŸããããæå€ãªãŸã§ã«éãã§ã黿°å¢å¹ ãããªãå®€å æ¥œé¢šã®ãã®ããããŸãããæ¿ãã身äœã䜿ã£ãŠãææ ã«ã蚎ããŸããã
ãªãã«ã¯ã¢ããã¥ã¢ãã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ãããŠãã¢ããã¥ã¢ç²Ÿç¥ã倧äºã«ãããŠããŸãããã¿ãã¿ãããæèŠã鳿¥œã«æã¡èŸŒãã ããã ããå€ãã®ããªãŒãžã£ãºæŒå¥å®¶ã«ã¯åœæã代衚ããã»ã©ã®æéããããŸããã
ããªãŒãžã£ãºã¯åèŠãªããã©ããªã«ç°è³ªãªé³æ¥œè¡šçŸãéãããŠããŠããããªé³æ¥œã ãšããå®æãªæ§æ Œã¥ãããããŸããã§ããã
åœåã¯ããã¥ãŒã·ã³ã°ïŒæ°ãããã®ïŒããšåŒã°ããã€ã¥ããŠãã®æä»£ã®ç²Ÿç¥ãã€ãŸãã¯åœäžã«åºãŸã£ã人éè§£æŸãžã®æ¿æ²»è¡åãšãŠãŒããã¢é¢šãªçæ³äž»çŸ©ããšãããŠããããªãŒãžã£ãºããšãã衚çŸã䜿ãããŠããŸããã
ãããŸã§ã®ãžã£ãºããã®çºå±ãé¢è±ãæç¢ºã«ããæ°ããªäŸ¡å€èгãå°å ¥ãããŠããªãã§ãéèŠãªãã®ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªãã£ãŒïŒç²Ÿç¥æ§ãéçãªãã®ïŒã圢èäžåŠãããªãŒãã ïŒèªç±ãè§£æŸïŒã®ããããé åããåŒãåºãããŸããã
ããªãŒãžã£ãºã¯äžçäžã®ãã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ã®é³æ¥œè¡šçŸãæ¥éã«åºããç¹ã«æ§ãœãŽã£ãšãé£éŠãšæ±ãšãŒãããã§ã¯ããªãŒãã ãšããèšèã«åå®ãªé¿ãããã£ãŠèªåãã¡ãè§£æŸããããã®ææ®µãšãªããŸããã
ã¢ãŒããžã£ãº
1960幎代ã®ã¢ãŒããžã£ãºã¯ãããã¹ãœã³ã°ããšããããããšã®åé³é²è¡ã倧èã«åçŽåããŠäœ¿ããŸãããã²ãšã€ã®ã¹ã±ãŒã«ãšãã²ãšã€ã2ã€ã®ã³ãŒãã«ããšã¥ããŠäœæ²ãæŒå¥ãããããžã£ãºã§ãã
ãªãã«ã¯ãã£ãšããããªã¹ãã®æŒå¥å®¶ãããŠãã²ãšã€ã®ã³ãŒãã§å³èããããã²ãšã€ã®é³ãšãæç¶äœé³ïŒãããŒã³ïŒãšãããŽã¡ã³ããšåŒã°ããå埩é³åœ¢ã䜿ã£ããããŸããã
ãã¡ã³ã¯ãžã£ãº
ãœãŠã«é³æ¥œã®ãªãã«ã¯ãã¡ã³ã¯ãšåŒã°ãããã®ããããŸãã
ãã¡ã³ã¯(funk)ã¯è±èªã®ããã£ãšããããããããã¥ããã§ã¯ãªããã³ã³ãŽèªã®ã«ããïŒlu-fukiïŒã«ç±æ¥ããŠããŠãæŒå¥ããªã«ãããããŸããã£ãŠã®ããããšãã®æ±ãäœèãããããèšèã§ãã
ãã¡ã³ã¯ãžã£ãºã¯å埩ããäœé³éšã®é³åœ¢ãå°ç¯ã®ç¬¬äºã第åæã§æ¿ãã匷調ãããã©ã ãº(ææåã«ãªãã£ãŠãã€ãããã·ã³ãã«ããããã®æåã§éããããéãé³ãããŠã)ãæå¿«ãªã¡ããã£ãŒãšåçŽã«ããããŒã¢ããŒãç¹åŸŽãšããŸãã
çµæãšããŠã¯ãªãºã ã¢ã³ããã«ãŒã¹ããããŽã¹ãã«é³æ¥œå¯ãã®ãµãŠã³ãã§ãã
ã©ãã³ãžã£ãº
1940幎代ã«çºå±ãããžã£ãºã§ããã³ã³ãŽããã³ãŽããã£ã³ãã¬ã¹ãªã©ãäž»ã«ã©ãã³ããŒã«ãã·ã§ã³ã§æŒå¥ãããŸãã
äžè¬çã«ãã©ãã³ãžã£ãºãšèšããã鳿¥œã¯ãã¥ãŒãããçºå±ããã¢ããã»ãã¥ãŒãã³ã»ãžã£ãºãæããŸãã
ãã©ãžãªã¢ã³ã»ãžã£ãºã®ããµããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ãã³ãžã£ãºã®èåããçãŸããããã«ãä»åŸãæ°ããã©ãã³é³æ¥œåµé ãæåŸ ãããŸãã
ããããïŒã¢ãã³ãžã£ãºïŒ
ããããã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠäžã«çãŸãã鳿¥œã§ããããã®äž»èŠãªæŒå¥å®¶ã®äžã«ã¯è»éçµéšã®ãªããã®ãå€ãããŸããããã¹ãã©ã€ãã人皮差å¥ããããããªå·®å¥ãçµæžé¢ã®äžå ¬å¹³ãšãããªãã«éåŸåä¹±ãäœéšããŸããã
ãããããæåã«æŒå¥ããé»äººãã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ã«ã¯è¥¿éšãå西éšã®åºèº«è ãå€ãããã®é³æ¥œã¯å°æ¹ã®æåãšæ¿æ²»é¢šåã®ããšã§çºå±ããŠãããŸããã
ããããã®ãã³ãã¯å°ç·šæã®ããããã³ã³ã圢æ
ããšããŸãã
ãã©ã³ããããšãµã¯ãœãã©ã³ã1æ¬ãã€å
¥ãããŠããŸã³ã§æŒå¥ããããšãå€ãã§ãã
ãã®ç®çã¯ãã£ã±ããã€ãã¯ã©ãã®èžãæãããã¢ã·ã§ãŒã®ããã«ããããã§ã¯ãªããããããåžå Žã«åããŠæŒå¥ããŠããããã§ããããŸããã§ããã
ããããã®ã¡ããã£ãŒæ¥œå¥ã¯åçŽã«ãããææãšãã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°ã®ãªãã»ã¡ããã£ãŒïŒäžå°ç¯åäœã®æ¥œå¥ãåããããªé³åœ¢ããšã£ãŠãã©ã³ã¹ããé ãããŠããïŒã®ãã¬ã€ãžã³ã°ã«è¿œæ±ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã£ãšé·ããŠå埩ãå°ãªãã§ãããããåçã§ã¯ãªãæ§é ãäžèŠåãªé³ã®é 眮ããšããŸãã
ãã®æä»£ãããã¹ã»ãŽã³ã¶ã¬ã¹ããžã§ãŠã»ãã£ãã«ããµã©ã»ãŽã©ãŒã³ãã®è¥ãææã¯ããããã®ãªãºã ãæ°åãã«åããµãŠã³ããæ°ããèããŠãããããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«ã¹ãã£ãã奿³ã®äŒçµ±ãæã¡èŸŒã¿ãŸããã
ã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°ãžã£ãº
ã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°ãžã£ãºã®ãã³ãã¯ããŒãã³ã°ãã³ããææ¬ã®ã²ãšã€ã«ããŠããŠããµã¯ãœãã©ã³ïŒãªãŒãïŒããã©ã³ããããããã³ããŒã³ã®åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«åãããæ§æããšããŸãã
ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯é³æ¥œäžã®å·¥å€«ããããããäºãã«ç¬ç«ããŠå¿ç圢åŒããšã£ããã1äœãšãªã£ãŠã¢ã³ãµã³ãã«ãã€ãã£ããããŸãã
ãµã¯ãœãã©ã³ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯ã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°ãã³ãã®äžæ žã§ãåé³å£°éšã«åãããèæéã«å€ãããªããé³åã®ç°ãªãã¢ã«ãããããŒãããªãã³ãµã¯ãœãã©ã³ã§æ§æãããŸãããããµããç·šæã¯2ã¢ã«ãã1ãªãã2ãããŒã1ããªãã³ã§ãã
ã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°ãã³ãã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ãªã«ãããèªåãããã衚çŸããããŒãã§ããããšãå€ãã§ããã©ããªãµãŠã³ããã€ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯é©ãã»ã©èªç±ãªèããã§ããŸãã
ã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°æä»£ã®æŽå²ã¯2ã€ã«åããããŸãã1924幎ãã1932幎ã«ãããŠã®ç¬¬äžæãåã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°æãšãã€ã¥ã32幎ãã50幎代ã®ãªãã°ã«ãããŠã®ç¬¬äºæã§ãã
ããããã¯ãã³ãã®èŠæš¡ãšå£°éšéã®é¢ä¿ãã¹ãŠã£ã³ã°ã®ãã¬ã€ãžã³ã°ãšãªãºã ã®æç床ãæé·ãåæ§ãã¿ããããœãã€ã¹ãã®è¡šçŸåã®éãã§åºå¥ãã€ããŸãã
ãããã30幎ããã®32幎ã«ãããŠã®å€§äžæ³æãã€ããããã¬ã³ãŒãã®æ°ã¯å®ã«å°ãªãã£ããããå€åã®ããšãäŒããé²é³èšŒæ ã¯å°ãªãã§ãã
ãã£ãã·ãŒã©ã³ããžã£ãº
ãã£ãã·ãŒã©ã³ããžã£ãºã¯å€å£°ã®ã¡ããã£ãŒãäžå¿ã«ãã鳿¥œã§ãããžã§ãªãŒã»ããŒã«ã»ã¢ãŒãã³ã®1929幎ã®âããªãŒããã·ã¥ïŒFreakishïŒâã¯è¯ããææ¬ã§ãã
ããªãã©ããŒïŒå€å£°ïŒã¯ããã°ãã³ãã®ãªãã®å°ç·šæã°ã«ãŒãã§çãæ®ã£ãŠãæ¯æ©ã®ã¹ããŒãžã®äžéšã§ãã©ã¡ãããšãããšåã©ããã«æŒå¥ãããŸãã
ãããŒã»ããŒã·ãŒæ¥œå£ã®ã¯ã©ã³ãã€ã¯ã»ã»ãŽã³ãã¯ãããã³ãå ã®éžæãã³ãã¯å¹Žé ã®èŽè¡ãæºè¶³ãããŸããããã£ãã·ãŒã©ã³ãã®ã°ã«ãŒããã¹ããŒãžã«ã®ããæåŸã®ããã¯ãã³ãã¯ãã¬ã³ã¹ã»ãŠã§ã«ã¯æ¥œå£ã§ãã
ãžã£ãºã®æŽå²ã§ã¯ããŸãèšåãããŠããŸããããåæµè¡ã¯ãã€ã®æä»£ã§ãããè¿ãããŠããŸãã ããã£ãã·ãŒã©ã³ãã»ãªãŽã¡ã€ãã«ã¯1940幎代ã®ã¯ããã«èµ·ããŠã倧å¢ã®è¥ããã¥ãŒãžã·ã£ã³ãå€ãäžä»£ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§è¡šçŸããŸããã
ããŒã«ã«ç¡æäœéšã¬ãã¹ã³ã®æ¡å
â·ãããæããæãŠãã®ã³ãç¥ããã
â åŒåžæ³
â äžçŽç·š
â ãã®ä»